Cause and Effect of Chemical Reaction

A.   Definition of Cause and Effect

           Cause and effect is a text that writes about the analysis of a writer to provide a learning that has several causes and consequences. Because the analyzed may be two or more and the other is the result. Cause and effect usually exists in academic writing (academic writing) rather than in writing kraetif (creative writing). Often the author requires a clear analysis to determine the cause and effect for the authors to avoid errors in the preparation.

B. Generic Structure

       Cause and effect also has a generic structure:

1. The order of cause and effect must have topic sentence (main sentence / subject) which will be discussed about cause and effect

2. Supporting sentences of cause and effect

3. Concluding sentence of cause and effect

C. Language forms of cause and effect 

1. Tenses used flesibel or can use any tenses based on time of incident: can use present, past, or future (future)

2. The composition of the sentence can be:

·         X conveys Y (with active verb)

·         X is caused by Y (with passive verbs)

3. Sentences that you explain / explain can use active voice or passive voice.

4. The transition in cause and effect includes: causes, result, due, because, because of, as a result,           consequently, etc. The verbs that can be used in the core statement are cause, effect, result, etc.

6. Topic can be created by:

• The existence of several causes (why) why ...
•  The existence of some effect (effect) of ...
• Researchers examine that there ...

7. Using a third-person perspective.

 Chemical Reaction

          Chemical reaction is an event of chemical change from substances that react (reactants) to reaction products (products). In this chemical reaction is always produced new substances with new properties. This chemical reaction is written using elemental symbols.

Characteristic of Chemical Reaction

              A chemical change or chemical reaction can be known through the accompanying symptoms. The symptoms or characteristics of chemical reactions include the following:

1. Color changes occur.

           This can be observed for example in the reaction between carboxylic acid solution and KMnO4. The result of this reaction is a brown solution.

2. The occurrence of gas

3. Sludge occurs

            Deposition of the reaction results can be found in cooking tools. It can also be found in a water purification process that uses alum.

4. Temperature changes occur

            A temperature change can be observed when limestone is mixed with water. In addition you can also find a change in temperature in the reaction of carbide with water.

Chemical Reactions

            To facilitate the conduct of a chemical reaction activity, then grouped chemical reactions are based on the similarity possessed. One of these classification systems is based on the way the atoms are reconstituted in chemical reactions, including:

1. Merger Reaction

          In the reaction of combining two or more substances together to form another substance.

For example: on the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen that make up water

2. Decomposition Reactions

         The decomposition reaction is a reverse reaction of the coupling reaction. In this reaction one substance is split or decomposes into two or more simpler substances. Most of these reactions require an energy of heat, light, and electricity. The general formula for this decomposition reaction is as follows:

3. Reaction of Reaction

          The replacement reaction is a single replacement reaction occurs, when one element replaces one other element in one compound.

One example of a chemical event we can see is combustion, for example the combustion of ethane gas (LPG with air). In this combustion process required ethanol and oxygen as the base material, which will then produce carbon dioxide and water. In this case ethanol and oxygen are referred to as reactants (reactants), whereas carbon dioxide and water are called reaction products (products). Examples of these chemical reaction events are generally also written in a reaction equation. A chemical reaction equation is a combination of symbols representing a chemical reaction. The reactant formulas are placed on the left and the reactions are placed on the right. Between the two sides are combined with the sign of equality (=) or arrow (→). At the time of the chemical reaction, there are observable changes to know whether the substance reacts or not.

               All chemical changes are certainly parent on the law of preservation of energy laws and the law of mass energy preservation. The fundamental fundamentals underlying all chemical change are theoretical chemistry areas, the correlation between the concept of elements and compounds, with the laws formed above being obtained in Dalton's Theomic Theory, the first modern theory of atoms and molecules as fundamental particles of substances that grow from this theory. The most important thing from the Dalton atomic theory that can now be accepted, namely:

1. Atom is a building unit of all kinds of material
2. Atom is a small part of an element that still has the same properties with its elements.
3. In chemical reactions, atoms are not destroyed, not created and can not be converted into atoms of other elements.
Chemical reactions are simply rearrangement of the arrangement of atoms involved in the reaction.
The types of chemical reactions, namely:
A. Burning
Combustion is a reaction in which an element or compound combines with oxygen to form a simple oxygen-containing compound.
example :
CO₂ , H₂O and SO₂
C₃H₈ + 5O₂ --- 3CO₂ + 4H₂O
2C₆H₁₄O₄ + 15O₂ --- 12CO₂ + 14H₂O
B. Merging (Synthetic)
It is a reaction in which a more complex substance is formed of two or more simpler substances (both elements and compounds). Example :
- 2H₂ + O₂ --- 2H₂O
- CO + 2H₂ --- CH₃OH
C. Decomposition
Decomposition is a reaction in which a substance is broken down into simpler substances.
For example: 2 Ag₂O --- 4Ag + O₂
D. Replacement
Replacement is a chemical reaction in which an element transfers another element in a compound.
For example: Cu + 2Ag + --- Cu₂ + + 2 Ag
E. Metathesis (date transfer)
Metasis is a reaction where there is an exchange between two reactions.
Example:
AgNO₃ + NaCl --- AgCl + NaNO₃